Vertigois a type of dizziness, where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary. An abnormal sensation that is described by the person as a feeling they are spinning or that the space around them is spinning. Subjective Vertigo: When you feel yourself moving and everything around is stationery. Objective Vertigo: When you have the perception that your surroundings are moving.

The most common causes of vertigo are peripheral and involve the inner ear or labyrinth. Some of the most common causes of vertigo are listed below:

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common form of vertigo and is characterized by the sensation of motion initiated by sudden head movements or moving the head in a certain direction.
• Vertigo may also be caused by inflammation within the inner ear caused by viral or bacterial inner ear infection.
• Meniere's disease is composed of a triad of symptoms including: episodes of vertigo, ringing in the ears (tinnitis), and hearing loss.
• Vertigo can be caused by decreased blood flow to the base of the brain.
• Head trauma and neck injury may also result in vertigo,
• Inner Ear trauma
• Migraine, a severe form of headache, may also cause vertigo. The vertigo is usually followed by a headache. There is often a prior history of similar episodes but no lasting problems.
• Complications from diabetes can cause arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can lead to lowered blood flow to the brain, causing vertigo symptoms.
• Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor of the ear that can present with vertigo.

Vertigo in itself is a symptom and not a disease. Vertigo usually implies an underlying disease, which is causing balance problems. Vertigo in certain cases may be associated with:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Hearing loss when caused due to ear problems.
• Disorientation
• Abnormal eye movements

The evaluation of vertigo consists primarily of a medical history and physical exam.

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