Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection. Hypertrophic Adenoids is an inflammation of adenoids occurring due to viral or bacterial infection.

The tonsils are the two masses of tissue on either side of the back of the throat. Normal tonsils are usually about the same size and have the same pink color as the surrounding area. Tonsils are composed of tissues similar to lymph nodes.
Adenoids are mass of tissues located high in the throat behind the nose and soft palate. They are not as easily visible as tonsils. Both adenoids and tonsils are believed to help the body in its defense mechanism against pathogens by forming antibodies. The most common problem occurring in both tonsils and adenoids is recurrent infection leading to hypertrophy (enlargement). This can lead to symptoms like sore throat, fever and dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing).

Tonsils and adenoids are caused by either viral or bacterial infection. Under normal circumstances, as viruses and bacteria enter the body through the nose and mouth (droplet infection), they are filtered in the tonsils and adenoids. Both within the Adenoids and Tonsils, white blood cells of the immune system mount an attack that helps destroy the viruses or bacteria, and also causes inflammation and fever.

The most common symptoms are:

• Red and/or swollen tonsils
• White or yellow patches on the tonsils
• Tender, stiff, and/or swollen neck
• Bad breath
• Sore throat
• Painful or difficult swallowing
• Cough
• Headache
• Sore eyes
• Body aches
• Fever
• Chills
• Nasal congestions
• Chronic ear infection
• Snoring
• Sinusitis
• Swollen Lymph nodes

The usual diagnosis is done by physical examination and history. In adenoids a x-ray might be ordered.

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