Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) also known as benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP), and adenofibromyomatous hyperplasia, refers to the increase in size of the prostate in middle-aged and elderly men.
BPH can also be defined as a noncancerous prostate problem in which the normal elements of the prostate gland grow in size and number. The prostate is a small organ about the size of a walnut. It lies below the bladder (where urine is stored) and surrounds the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder). The prostate makes a fluid that helps to nourish sperm as part of the semen (ejaculatory fluid).
As the prostate grows larger, it may press on the urethra. This narrowing of the urethra can cause some men with prostate enlargement to have trouble with urination Prostatic enlargement leads to symptoms of urinary hesitancy, frequent urination, dysuria (painful urination), increased risk of urinary tract infections, and urinary retention. If BPH is severe, complete blockage can occur.
Although prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated in these patients because of increased organ volume and inflammation due to urinary tract infections, BPH is not considered to be a sign of prostatic cancer.
Prostate enlargement may be the most common health problem in men older than 60 years of age

The prostate grows larger due to an increase in the number of cells (hyperplasia). However, the precise reason for this increase is unknown. A variety of factors may be involved, including androgens (male hormones), estrogens, growth factors and other cell signaling pathways.

Many men with an enlarged prostate have no symptoms. If symptoms are present, they commonly include the following:

• a weak stream of urine;
• difficulty starting urination;
• dribbling of urine, especially after urinating;
• a sense of not fully emptying the bladder;
• leaking of urine;
• more frequent urination and a strong and sudden desire to urinate, especially at night; and
• blood in the urine.

• A physical exam is required to see if other medical problems may be causing your symptoms. He might examine the gland by inserting a finger through rectum.
• Urine test for infection,
• Blood for PSA so as to rule out cancer.
• Imaging studies like ultrasound can also be advised

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